A
MAZE
IN
ZAZAZA ENTER ZAZAZA
ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ
ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ
THE
MAGIKALALPHABET
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321
WORK DAYS OF GOD
Herbert W Morris D.D.circa 1883
Page 22
"As all the words in the English language are composed out of the twenty-six letters of the alphabet,.."
LIGHT AND LIFE
Lars Olof Bjorn 1976
Page 197
"By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs). In the same way Nature is able to convey with her language how a cell and a whole organism is to be constructed and how it is to function. Nature has succeeded better than we humans; for the genetic code there is only one universal language which is the same in a man, a bean plant and a bacterium."
"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER
ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
I |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
9 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
ME |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
1 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
1 |
"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER
ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
A
HISTORY OF GOD
Karen Armstrong
The God of the Mystics
Page 250
"(The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
I |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
9 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
ME |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
18 |
9 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
1+8 |
= |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
9 |
= |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
1 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
I |
ME |
1 |
THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY
THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE
AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED
THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF
THE
ALPHABET
IS
GIVEN
A
NUMERICAL
VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS
REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS
THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS
A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END
Graham Hancock 1995
Chapter 32
Speaking to the Unborn
Page 285
"It is understandable that a huge range of myths from all over the ancient world should describe geological catastrophes in graphic detail. Mankind survived the horror of the last Ice Age, and the most plausible source for our enduring traditions of flooding and freezing, massive volcanism and devastating earthquakes is in the tumultuous upheavals unleashed during the great meltdown of 15,000 to 8000 BC. The final retreat of the ice sheets, and the consequent 300-400 foot rise in global sea levels, took place only a few thousand years before the beginning of the historical period. It is therefore not surprising that all our early civilizations should have retained vivid memories of the vast cataclysms that had terrified their forefathers.
Much harder to explain is the peculiar but distinctive way the myths of cataclysm seem to bear the intelligent imprint of a guiding hand.l Indeed the degree of convergence between such ancient stories is frequently remarkable enough to raise the suspicion that they must all have been 'written' by the same 'author'.
Could that author have had anything to do with the wondrous deity, or superhuman, spoken of in so many of the myths we have reviewed, who appears immediately after the world has been shattered by a horrifying geological catastrophe and brings comfort and the gifts of civilization to the shocked and demoralized survivors?
White and bearded, Osiris is the Egyptian manifestation of this / Page 286 /
universal figure, and it may not be an accident that one of the first acts he is remembered for in myth is the abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley.2 Viracocha, in South America, was said to have begun his civilizing mission immediately after a great flood; Quetzalcoatl, the discoverer of maize, brought the benefits of crops, mathematics, astronomy and a refined culture to Mexico after the Fourth Sun had been overwhelmed by a destroying deluge.
Could these strange myths contain a record of encounters between scattered palaeolithic tribes which survived the last Ice Age and an as yet unidentified high civilization which passed through the same epoch?
And could the myths be attempts to communicate?
A message in the bottle of time"
'Of all the other stupendous inventions,' Galileo once remarked,
what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any other person, though very distant either in time or place, speaking with those who are in the Indies, speaking to those who are not yet born, nor shall be this thousand or ten thousand years? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangements of two dozen little signs on paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of men.3
If the 'precessional message' identified by scholars like Santillana, von Dechend and Jane Sellers is indeed a deliberate attempt at communication by some lost civilization of antiquity, how come it wasn't just written down and left for us to find? Wouldn't that have been easier than encoding it in myths? Perhaps.
Nevertheless, suppose that whatever the message was written on got destroyed or worn away after many thousands of years? Or suppose that the language in which it was inscribed was later forgotten utterly (like the enigmatic Indus Valley script, which has been studied closely for more than half a century but has so far resisted all attempts at decoding)? It must be obvious that in such circumstances a written / Page 287 / legacy to the future would be of no value at all, because nobody would be able to make sense of it.
What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them - and the city of Teotihuacan may be the calling-card of a lost civilization written in the eternal language of mathematics.
Geodetic data, related to the exact positioning of fixed geographical points and to the shape and size of the earth, would also remain valid and recognizable for tens of thousands of years, and might be most conveniently expressed by means of cartography (or in the construction of giant geodetic monuments like the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as
we shall see).
Another 'constant' in our solar system is the language of time: the great but regular intervals of time calibrated by the inch-worm creep of precessional motion. Now, or ten thousand years in the future, a message that prints out numbers like 72 or 2160 or 4320 or 25,920 should be instantly intelligible to any civilization that has evolved a modest talent for mathematics and the ability to detect and measure the almost imperceptible reverse wobble that the sun appears to make along the ecliptic against the background of the fixed stars..."
"What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them"
"WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
1+1 |
1+2 |
1+3 |
1+4 |
1+5 |
1+6 |
1+7 |
1+8 |
1+9 |
2+0 |
2+1 |
2+2 |
2+3 |
2+4 |
2+5 |
2+6 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
|
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
ADVENT 559 ADVENT
| AMEN x 2 |
| I THAT AM |
| I THAT AM RE INCARNATE |
AMEN
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Hebrew word; for other meanings see Amen (disambiguation).
The word Amen (Tiberian Hebrew (Sign omitted) Amen "So be it truly", Standard Hebrew (Sign omitted) Amen, Arabic (Sign omitted) Amin, Ge'ez' Amen) is a declaration of affirmation found in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament, and in the Qur'an. It has always been in use within Judaism and Islam. It has been generally adopted in Christian worship as a concluding formula for prayers and hymns. In Islam, it is the standard ending to suras. Common English translations of the word amen include: "Verily", "Truly", "So be it", and "Let it be".
BIBLE USEAGE
Three distinct Biblical usages may be noted
1. Initial Amen, referring back to words of another speaker, e.g. 1 Kings 1: 36; Revelation 22;20
2 Detached Amen, the complementary sentence being suppressed, e.g. Neh. v.13; Revelation v. 14 (of Corinthians xiv. 16)
3. Final Amen, with no change of speaker, as in the subscription to the first three divisions of the psalter and in the frequent doxologies of the New testament Epistles
The word 'amen' is the value 99 in Greek numerals and appears in the Bible (Old and New testament) 99 times.
- |
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1+4 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
- |
1 |
13 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
1+9 |
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
|
- |
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
1 |
13 |
5 |
14 |
|
|
|
3+3 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
- |
1 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
1+5 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
1 |
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
4 |
= |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
10 |
1+0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
35 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3+5 |
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
- |
|
1+5 |
|
- |
8 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1+4 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
1 |
13 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
1+9 |
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
1 |
13 |
5 |
14 |
|
|
|
3+3 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
- |
1 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
1+5 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
1 |
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
4 |
= |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
10 |
1+0 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
- |
|
1+5 |
|
- |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
THE EMPERORS'S NEW MIND
CONCERNING COMPUTERS, MINDS, AND THE LAWS OF PHYSICS
Roger Penrose 1989
QUANTUM MAGIC AND QUANTUM MYSTERY
EXPERIMENTS WITH PHOTONS: A PROBLEM FOR RELATIVITY?
Page369
"We must ask whether actual experiments have borne out these astonishing quantum expectations. The precise experiment just described is a hypothetical one which has not actually been performed, but similar experiments have been performed using the polarizations of pairs of photons, rather than the spin of spin-one-half massive particles. Apart from this distinction, these experiments are, in their essentials, the same as the one described above - except that the angles concerned (since photons have spin one rather than one-half) would be just one-half of those for spin-one-half particles. The polarizations of the pairs of photons
have been measured in various different combinations of directions, and the results are fully in agreement with the predictions of
quantum theory, and inconsistent with any local realistic model!
The most accurate and convincing of the experimental results which have been obtained to date are those of Alain Aspect (1986) and his colleagues in Paris.15 Aspect's experiments had another interesting feature. The 'decisions' as to which way to measure the polarizations of the photons, were made only after the photons were in full flight. Thus, if we think of some non-local 'influence' travelling from one photon detector to the photon at the opposite side, signalling the direction in which it intends to measure the polarization direction of the approaching photon, then we see that this 'influence' must travel faster than light! Any kind of realistic description of the quantum world which is consistent with the facts must apparently be non-causal, in the sense that effects must be able to travel faster than light!
Page 370
" But we saw in the last chapter that, so long as relativity holds true, the sending of signals faster than light leads to absurdities (and conflict with our feelings of 'free will', etc., cf. p. 273). This is certainly true, but the non-local 'influences' that arise in EPR-type experiments are not such that they can be used to send messages as one can see, for the very reason that they would lead to such absurdities, if so. (A detailed demonstration that such 'influences' cannot be used to signal messages has been carried out by Ghirardi, Rimini, and Weber 1980.) It is of no use to be told that a photon is polarized 'either vertically or horizontally', (as opposed, say, to 'either at 60° or 150°') until one is informed which of the two alternatives it actually is. It is the first piece of 'information' (i.e. the directions of alternative polarization) which arrives faster than light ('instantaneously'), while the knowledge as to which of these two directions it must actually be polarized in arrives more slowly, via an ordinary signal communicating the result of the first polarization measurement.
Although EPR-type experiments do not, in the ordinary sense of sending messages, conflict with the causality of relativity, there is a definite conflict with the spirit of relativity in our picture of 'physical reality'. Let us see how the realistic view of the statevector applies to the above EPR-type experiment (involving photons). As the two photons move outwards, the state-vector describes the situation as a photon pair, acting as a single unit. Neither photon individually has an objective state: the quantum state applies only to the two together. Neither photon individually has a direction of polarization: the polarization is a combined quality of the two photons together. When the polarization of one of these photons is measured, the state-vector jumps so that the unmeasured photon now does have a definite polarization. When that photon's polarization is subsequently measured, the probability values are correctly obtained by applying the usual quantum rules to its polarization state. This way of looking at the situation provides the correct answers; it is, indeed, the way that we ordinarily apply quantum mechanics. But it is an essentially non-relativistic view. For the two measurements of polarization are what are called space like-separated, which means that each lies outside the other's light cone, like the points R and Q in Fig. / Page 371 / 5.21. The question of which of these measurements actually occurred first is not really physically meaningful, but depends on the 'observer's' state of motion (see Fig. 6.32). If the 'observer' moves rapidly enough to the right, then he considers the righthand measurement to have occurred first; and if to the left, then it is the left-hand measurement! But if we regard the right-hand photon as having been measured first we get a completely different picture of physical reality from that obtained if we regard the left-hand photon as having been measured first! (It is a different measurement that causes the non-local 'jump'.) There is an essential conflict between our space-time picture of physical reality - even the correctly non-local quantum-mechanical one and special relativity! This is a severe puzzle, which 'quantum realists' have not been able adequately to resolve (cf. Aharonov and Albert 1981). I shall need to return to the matter later.
Fig. 6.32. (omitted) Two different observers form mutually inconsistent pictures of 'reality' in an EPR experiment in which two photons are emitted in opposite directions from a spin-O state. The observer moving to the right judges that the left-hand part of the state jumps before it is measured, the jump being caused by the measurement on the right. The observer moving to the left has the opposite opinion!"
http://home.btconnect.com/scimah/Quantumphenomena.htm
Spooky action at a distance - EPR
"One of the most vivid illustrations of the interactions of the mind of the observer with a quantum system is given by EPR - the 'Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox', or 'Spooky action at a distance' as it is sometimes known. The experimental evidence seems to show that the observer's mind goes to its object unobstructedly and instantaneously, for example through ten kilometres of intervening Geneva city-scape (walls, buildings, railway stations, the lot!) at speeds exceeding that of light.
Nor does the effect diminish with distance. According to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory, the 'spooky action' can affect a particle instantaneously whether it is a metre away from the observer or halfway across the universe.
The observation of 'spooky action' relies on the concept of entanglement. It is possible to obtain pairs of fundamental particles where it is known that their properties will always cancel one another out, even when those properties have not been defined. These pairs are said to be 'entangled' . However the entanglement is conceptual rather than physical and the particles are free to move far apart.
Consider an experiment where we create an entangled pair of magnetic particles. Their polar alignments will always be opposite. We allow them to move far apart. We then place a Stern-Gerlach magnet in the path of one of the particles and observe what happens when it passes through. If it is defected upwards then, according to the 'spooky action' hypothesis, its distant partner would be deflected downwards by a similar magnet. By making the nearby observation we have instantaneously defined the properties of the distant particle.
Note that this is not the same thing as saying 'The near particle was always up but we didn't know until we decided to observe it. So the distant particle must always have been down even though we didn't know at the the time.'
The reason the statement above is incompatible with quantum theory is that we could have equally well decided to align the Stern-Gerlach magnet on a left/right axis instead of up/down. In which case we would have fixed the near particle as, say, left-deflected and the distant particle would instantaneously be known to be right-deflected.
For many years both theoretical and technical difficulties stood in the way of determining whether 'spooky action' does indeed take place. However as a result of the theoretical work of John Bell and the ingenious experimental designs of Alain Aspect strong evidence was obtained that the effect occurred over distances of a few metres. The act of making a decision of what attributes of one member of an entangled pair were to be observed immediately determined what could be observed of the other member.
Since then 'spooky action' has been demonstrated over increasing distances. The current record is 10 km obtained by Nicolas Gisin and his team at the University of Geneva [BUCHANAN 1997]. Starting from near Geneva railway station they sent entangled photons along optical fibres through the city to destinations separated by 10km. They showed that observing the state of one member of the pair instantaneously determined the state of the other."
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
9 |
- |
|
8 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
1+7 |
|
|
= |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
2 |
|
1 |
2 |
- |
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
= |
|
- |
- |
|
- |
20 |
|
1 |
20 |
- |
1 |
13 |
|
|
|
5+5 |
|
|
1+0 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
9 |
- |
20 |
8 |
1 |
20 |
- |
1 |
13 |
|
|
|
7+2 |
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
9 |
- |
2 |
8 |
1 |
2 |
- |
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
2+7 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
8 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
8 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2+1 |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
2+4 |
|
|
|
|
2+7 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
9 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3+6 |
|
|
= |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
9 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3+6 |
|
|
= |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
2 |
- |
1 |
4 |
|
9 |
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
9 |
|
1 |
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
4+5 |
|
|
= |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
|
|
20 |
|
1 |
20 |
- |
1 |
13 |
|
18 |
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
1 |
18 |
|
1 |
20 |
5 |
|
|
|
1+2+6 |
|
|
= |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
- |
9 |
|
20 |
8 |
1 |
20 |
- |
1 |
13 |
|
9 |
5 |
|
9 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
9 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
1+8+0 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
- |
- |
9 |
|
2 |
8 |
1 |
2 |
- |
1 |
4 |
|
18 |
5 |
|
9 |
14 |
3 |
1 |
18 |
14 |
1 |
20 |
5 |
|
|
|
8+1 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
- |
5 |
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
2+0 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
8 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
occurs |
x |
|
= |
|
3+6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1+3 |
1+8 |
|
|
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
9 |
- |
|
9 |
- |
- |
- |
9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
3+2 |
|
|
1+8 |
|
8+1 |
|
3+6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
